Archaeology of Nadia Abu E-Haj Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Archaeology of Nadia Abu E-Haj - Essay Example Nadia Abu E-Haj discusses archeology, nationhood, and settlement. According to him, the historical and social scientific scholarship seeks to understand how the production of memory happens. The author clearly carries out an analysis of nationalism and making a memory. Nationalists are said to believe in the continuity of history, social and political aspects. I support with no doubt that, the practice of archeology is not an instance of making or generating a memory. The author has deeply examined how securing archeology is considered as an intellectual pursuit. The practice of nationhood and archeology are entangled. According to the author despite the information that archeology is a national practice, there are nations that are not interested. I agree that there are speakers that carry out the role of society in guiding the national educational project. The Jewish society is not the only society that engages in teaching value antiques to the public (Elhaj 218). Ron Eachus and Gilbert Herbert, on the other hand, discuss a colonial portrait of Jerusalem. The architecture of Palestine is discussed and the landscape deeply discussed. The author discusses the rationale behind the colonial architecture is traced to the colonial power.

Light-driven Transport of Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Demand

Light-driven Transport of Plasmonic Nanoparticles on Demand Abstract With the advance of science and technology, the control and movement of plasmonic nanoparticles can be achieved via laser traps. The effect of the optical manipulation tool has been tested before on the multiple particles [1]. Here, this is proved that manipulation and transport of large plasmonic nanoparticles can be applied on the sample which previously prepared. These verities include developments related to many technological applications. Introduction Metal plasmonic nanoparticles are highly preferred because they have specific properties. These are gold and silver nanoparticles. As we know when the light hits the surface of the metal, a part of the light is reflected. Some of it is absorbed. Metal atoms have electron clouds that are constantly moving around them. The light which is absorbed by metal has energy. That energy causes the vibration of the electron clouds. The vibrations of the electron clouds are called plasmon [2]. If we look at the reflected light while we change an angle of incidence we see that reflected light intensity reduces. Resonance angle or SPR angle is the angle at which the maximum loss occurs on the intensity of the reflected light. Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) is the total excitation at the closed surface of a small particle (see Figure 1). These datas are about plasmonics. Plasmonics is an area that consists use of data transmission via plasmons and applications of its various fields. Figure 1: Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) Laser trap is a method which uses configurable lasers to hold atoms or particles and trap them in a restricted area. There are several different species of laser traps that can be used to trap a different kind of particles. One of the most common types of laser trap is the single-beam gradient force trap also known as optical tweezers or laser tweezers [3]. Dielectric objects are interested in the center of the beam, relatively above the beam waist, shown in the figure (see Figure 2). The force applied on the object depends linearly on its change of location from the trap center just as with a simple arc system [4]. In contrast to other laser traps, the proposed confinement mechanism exploits transverse phase gradient forces that allows working with resonant and off-resonant wavelengths on both red/blue-detuned sides of the LSPR. Figure 2: Optical trap principle The figure below (see Figure 3) shows us spectral absorption on gold and silver nanoparticles. The trapped laser is focused on the sample. Specifically, it is considered colloidal silver NPs of 150 nm (10 nm thick triangular plate, LSPR at 950 nm) and gold NPs of 100 nm (sphere, LSPR at 570 nm). The laser wavelength is arranged 532 nm, which is on the blue-detuned side near the LSPR of gold NPs. In contrast, this wavelength being far from the LSPR of the silver NPs allows avoiding significant optical heating, Figure 3: Spectral absorbance of silver and gold nanoparticles Dark field illumination was applied to create an image of the nanoparticles. With the same microscope objective, focuses on the capture beam on the top glass slides, allowing NPs to be displayed depending on the scattered light (see Figure 4). Figure 4: Spectral absorbance Dark field illumination (or Dark field microscopy) is a method which creates the contrast between the object and the field around the specimen. In this method, the samples and the other materials shine on the dark background (see Figure 5). Figure 5: Principle of dark field microscopy Optical microscopes use dark field illumination technique for enhancing the contrast in unstained samples. The light penetrates the microscopes for illumination of the specimen. The condenser lens and objective lens focuses the light against the specimen. The center is blocked out. The specimen appears bright on a dark background. The nanoparticles are bounded by the upper glass lamella surrounding the sample (by transverse phase gradient forces, white arrows, and see Figure 6). Figure 6: The NPs are confined near the top glass coverslip Methods A dipolar NP with size a below the laser wavelength (a < ÃŽ ») experiences time averaged radiation-induced forces: Where, q = x, y, z is a placeholder for the coordinates, ÃŽ ±(ÃŽ ») = ÃŽ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ² (ÃŽ ») + iÃŽ ±Ã¢â‚¬ ² †² (ÃŽ ») is the particle polarizability while ÃŽ µ is the permittivity of the surrounding medium, and E is the electric field of the focused laser beam. The particle experiences traverse scattering forces: Where, I = |E(x, y)|2 and à Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ are the intensity and phase distributions of the field with u⊠¥, being normal and tangent vectors to the curve. Therefore, the transverse scattering forces in the normal and tangential directions naturally arise from the phase gradients along such directions. The laser traps have been created by focusing the following beam over the sample. This is the formula of beam shaping technique: The sample was formed as like this: the specimen was enclosed into a chamber made by attaching two glass coverslip (thickness 0.17 mm). A Scotch tape (thickness ~50 ÃŽ ¼m) was used as spacer between the coverslips. The nanoparticles were filled into the sample cell directly from the aqueous solution provided by the manufacturer: 150 nm silver NPs (NanoComposix Inc., 10 nm thick triangular plates, PVP coated, Lott. JMW1340) and 100 nm gold NPs (Sigma-Aldrich, citrate stabilized Au spheres, 742031, Lott. MKBS6913V). Results Bottom panel shows the intensity and phase of the laser trap focused according to their shapes (see Figure 7): Figure 7: It shows us the density and the phase of the laser trap (plane z1) focused into a circle. It shows us the density and the phase of the laser trap focused into a square. It shows us the density and the phase of the laser trap focused into a triangle. For each case, the XZ plane profile is shown in a1, b1 and c1 accordingly. In order to display the shape of the toroidal channel displayed in each case of a zoom item (inset) a1, b1 and c1 of the density distribution in plane z2. In the lower panel (a-c) a rotating flow of bound NPs is shown in the toroidal channel for each trap shape. Time skipped images of the stream were also shown[5]. Six small clusters of nanoparticles attached to the coverslip have been used to mimic targets or obstacles as displayed in Figure 8: Figure 8 (a) Small clusters of gold nanoparticles which anchored glass microscope slide are carried along a curved Bà ©zier path through six target objects. The intensity and phase of the trapped light (charge l = -30) is configured to avoid these objects as shown in the bottom panel of (b, c). In part (d), proposed approach to automated route finding based on several Bà ©zier curves displayed with different colors. (e,f) distributions of reciprocal and propulsive forces acting on particles[6-9]. Discussion In this article, gold and silver nanoparticles were controlled and transferred in a prepared sample before thanks to optical manipulation technique. This allows for guiding metal nanoparticles along tailored trajectories for interaction with objects, exploiting off-resonant but also resonant laser wavelengths for simultaneous nanoparticle heating. Their optical response can be tuned in the visible and infrared spectral range as a function of the nanoparticle shape and size. These nanoparticles strongly absorb and scatter light in the spectral region near to their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), and therefore, can be applied as heat nanosources for lithography, photoacustic imaging, photothermal therapy, etc. In this experiment the laser wavelength was 532 nm[5]. References 1.Rodrigo, J.A. and T. Alieva, Freestyle 3D laser traps: tools for studying light-driven particle dynamics and beyond. Optica, 2015. 2(9): p. 812-815. 2.Esentà ¼rk, E.N. and A.H. Walker, Anisotropik Ã…Å ¾ekilli AltÄ ±n Nanoparà §acÄ ±klarÄ ±nÄ ±n Sentezi, Karakterizasyonu ve FonksiyonlandÄ ±rÄ ±lmasÄ ±. 3.https://people.smp.uq.edu.au/TimoNieminen/trapping.html 4.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_tweezers 5.Alieva, j.A.R.a.T., Light-driven transport of plasmonic nanoparticles on demand. scientific reports, 2016. 6.Carey, K.B., et al., Enhancing Readiness-to-Change Substance Abuse in Persons with Schizophrenia A Four-Session Motivation-Based Intervention. Behavior Modification, 2001. 25(3): p. 331-384. 7.Sanchot, A., et al., Plasmonic nanoparticle networks for light and heat concentration. ACS nano, 2012. 6(4): p. 3434-3440. 8.Lal, S., S. Link, and N.J. Halas, Nano-optics from sensing to waveguiding. Nature photonics, 2007. 1(11): p. 641-648. 9.Svoboda, K. and S.M. Block, Optical trapping of metallic Rayleigh particles. Optics letters, 1994. 19(13): p. 930-932.

Modern Platos Cave Essay -- essays research papers

In the Allegory of the Den written by Plato. In his writing he explains human beings live in an underground den, here they have been from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move. Being prevented by the chains from turning round their heads. The three areas in modern American life that relate to Platos cave are school, community, and home or personal issues.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the areas of modern American life that relates to Platos den is school. In grades 1-6 (elementary) kids don't really know anything bout life. Kids just play, act crazy, and don't think of other genders. After elementary is over they go to middle school. While in middle school, teenagers get pure pressured into doing something such as: drugs, steal, sex or alcohol. Teenagers also start to recognize other genders. They also start to argue with their parents. This is also know as the ElectroOedypius complex. After they graduate from middle school they enter high school. They start taking responsibility and get more serious. They start to get stressed about work and essays. But after high school they start to think about freedom. But they really don't get freedom. Everybody has to do something to survive like working for money, food, and pay the bills.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another area in Modern American life that relates to Platos cave is community. The reasons why community i...

Manager: Automobiles and Service Department Essay

Question #1 – Suppose the new-car deal is consummated, with the repaired used car being retailed for $7,100, the repairs costing Shuman $1,594. Assume that all sales personnel are on salary (no commissions) and that general overhead costs are fixed. What is the dealership incremental gross profit on the total transaction (i. e. , new and repaired-used cars sold)? Answer |Sales Revenue | | | Sales of new car |$14,400 | | Sales of repaired-used car |$7,100 | | Total |$21,500 | |Cost of Sales | | | Cost of new car |$12,240 | | Trade in value on used car |$6,500 | | Cost of reconditioning |$1,594 | | Total |$20,334 | |Gross Profit |$1,166 |. Question #2 – Assume each department (new, used, service) is treated as profit center, as described in the case. Also assume in a-c that it is known with certainty beforehand that the repairs will cost $1,594. a. In your opinion, at what value should this trade-in (unrepaired) be transferred from the new-car department to the used-car department? Why? b. In your opinion, how much should the service department be able to charge the used-car department for the repairs on this trade-in car? c. Given your responses to a and b, what will be each department’s incremental gross profit on this deal? Answer 2-a: i) If Paul should take responsibility that he failed to find the rear axle crack. The value of this trade-in should be at least $5,000, which is the number Paul think he could buy from used car auction. If Paul should not take the responsibility Reconditioning charge from Service department =Cost of repairs * Service Department gross profit mark-up = $1594 * ($2,000/$1,480) =$2,154 Value of Trade-in to used-car department =Wholesales price – Reconditioning charge =$6,100 – 2,154 =$3,946 Answer 2-b: As calculation of reconditioning charge from Service department above Answer 2-a. The Service department should charge the repair to used-car department by $2,154 Answer 2-c: i) Use the accounting rule which is done by Brunner for internal transfer cost, it comes out the table of â€Å"Current Split† below to show gross profit of Shuman and all three departments ii) If we let Paul take the responsibility for costing error on used car appraisal, and allow Service department to charge the internal job the same as they would do for external customer. The gross profit would be as shown in the table of â€Å"suggestion for split† below. iii) |[pic] | | |[pic] | | Question #3 -Is there a strategy in this instance that would give the dealership more profit than the one assumed above (i. e. , repairing and retailing this trade-in used car)? Explain. In answering this question, assume the service department operates at capacity. Answer 3: a) Should have Service department do a quick inspection of the used car and find the problem as many as possible, so sales department could have better position and knowledge to negotiate at lower used car allowance. b) Assume the service department operate at capacity, the incremental gross profit on the total transaction should be only counted by $660 (earned by Moyer) – $54 (loss by Fiedler) = $606. If Moyer could sell the new card at less than 10% discount (8% is competitive already) without using used car allowance. The gross profit for the dealership could be more. (10% discount, gross profit = $720 still higher than $606) c) Fiedler could try if the customer is interested to commission his department to sell his card at very minimal charge in addition to the sales result described above in answer 3-b. d) Bianci could quote $2,154 or above if the customer is interested to repair his car in his department. Question #4 Do you feel the three-profit-center approach is appropriate for Shuman? If so, explain why, including an explanation of how this is better than other specific alternatives. If not, propose a better alternative and explain why it is better than three profit centers and any other alternatives you have considered. Answer 4: Yes, we think the three-profit-center approach is appropriate for Shuman because all three departments could run business independently to service both external and internal customers. However, the internal cost transfer should be reviewed and revised to match market bench mark. It would help Shuman Automobiles a) Both new-car and used-car department could have more accurate cost base to make the decision for a sales deal. b) The service department could be motivated to reduce their cost and increase revenue. However, the approach might reduce the level of cooperation among the department and decrease customer benefit of â€Å"one stop shopping† in Shuman. In order to address this potential issue of conflict interest among the department, we suggest the other program could be implemented (1) The entire dealership profit should be also factor in as part of manager’s remuneration. . (2) Service department should give internal job at priority while they operate at capacity, and offer discount charge while they operates over capacity.

How to Achieve Better Work-Life Balance Essay

For most of us these days, having to work is not an option, but a necessity. Struggling to maintain a job and a family can be demanding and stressful. While dealing with everyday chores at home, dinner, homework and other responsibilities, some people think that being at work is like having a break. On the other hand, for a single person, work may be the only social life they have. While using the workplace as an outlet to get away from it all or as a place to socialize, it is important to be aware of actions at work that might annoy your co-workers. Manners do matter, not only in your social life but your workplace. Manners can come into various forms, but professional etiquette in a workplace is vital, if you want to be respected or even make your job easier. For example, if your job involves you sending emails to other clients, associates or managers. You always want the email to content a greeting, and goodbye. I said respectable because there are different forms of greetings and goodbyes depending on the receiver. Manners mean behavior that is considered to be polite in a particular society and culture Manners are what you do in a specific way to be polite, courteous, etc. showing proper manners means making the person around you not feel bad. Example: You say ‘please’ and ‘thank you’ to show good manners. You are not ‘showing etiquette’ while doing this. As everybody already knows that it’s a professional etiquette to use these words at work! Professional manner & etiquette consists of professional dress code the right dress with the right contrast of color & combination of shoe and socks, exposing physical structure must be avoided. professional appearance, punctuality, use of professional language, positive attitude, non-verbal communication skills, maintaining hygiene. Manners impact of how others perceive you and your company. Your appearance and dress code, your way of welcoming people at first sight or later, your body language, your way of choosing words for your business conversation, your way of managing time effectively, your professional way of interacting with people and finally your mindset are the core components of your professional manner and etiquette. Each company must have a manual for professional manner and etiquette. New recruits should go through an induction program to understand these sensitive issues to deal with people at work. Even every year there should be a review of a company’s professional manner and etiquette to update its manual to keep pace with the changing trends of global fashion and life style. Conducting a job interview is the most widely used selection tool. It has proved most reliable and the employers rely on it in preference to any other tool. It is a process designed to predict future job performance by candidate’s oral responses to oral inquiries. For having a better comprehension of Job interviewing it is proper will to go through the definitions of the interview and job interview. An interview as defined is a conversation between two people where the interviewer put questions to the interviewees to get information from him. Job Interview on the other hand is generally defined as a conversation between an employer and a job candidate, where the employer evaluates a candidate for prospective employment in the organization. The two definitions show that an interview is a general term used for all kinds of interview, it gives out the broad outlines of the term interview. Job interview on the other hand is specific to a particular area namely employment. But, this is a common misconception that job interview is a unilateral process which, is not the case. The above definition of Job interview is very similar to definition of Job Interviewing, but not that of job interview as it does not give the full picture and is incomplete.